Cancer
Cancer (cancer) is a medical term that encompasses a wide range of diseases characterized by abnormal growth of cells that are divided without control and have the ability to penetrate tissues and destroy intact tissues in the body, which is capable of spreading throughout the body.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world, but the likelihood of cancer recovery is constantly improving in most species, thanks to advances in early detection methods for cancer and cancer treatment options.
Symptoms of cancer
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The symptoms of cancer vary from one case to another, depending on the cancer-affected member.
Some general cancer symptoms are attributed to him, but they are not specific to cancer alone, and include:
- Tired
- High temperature
- The appearance of an allergic mass or inflation beneath the skin
- Pain
- Changes in body weight, including an unintended rise or fall in body weight
- Changes on the surface of the skin, such as the appearance of the yellow color, dark areas or red spots in the skin, wounds not healed, or changes in the moles were present on the skin
- Changes in bowel or bladder work patterns
- Continuous cough
- Hoarseness
- Difficulty swallowing
- Difficulty or dyspepsia or feeling uncomfortable after eating.
Causes and risk factors of cancer
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Cancer is generated by damage (change/mutation) obtained in a series of DNA (DNA-deoxyribonucleic Acid-DNA) found in the cells.
Related Topics
The DNA chain in the human body contains a set of orders for body cells, which determine how to grow, evolve and divide.
Healthy cells sometimes tend to make changes in their DNA, but they remain able to correct the bulk of these changes. Or, if you can't make these corrections, often the corrupted cells die.
However, some of these deviations are not reversible, resulting in the growth of these cells and their transformation into cancerous cells. These deviations can also prolong the life of some cells more than their average normal life. This phenomenon causes the accumulation of cancer cells.
How cancer spreads in the body!
How does a person get cancer?
In some cancers, the accumulation of these cells generates a cancerous tumor. However, not all cancers produce cancerous tumors. For example, leukemia ( leukemia-leukemia) is a type of cancer that affects blood cells, bone marrow, the organ and spleen, but this type of cancer does not produce a tumor.
الانحراف الجيني الأولي ليس سوى بداية عملية تطوّر السرطان. ويعتقد الباحثون بأن تطور مرض السرطان يتطلب إحداث عدد من التغييرات في داخل الخلية، تشمل:
- عامل مُبادر يؤدي إلى حصول تغيّر جينيّ: أحيانا قد يولد الإنسان مع انحراف جيني مُعين، بينما قد يحدث الانحراف الجيني لدى آخرين نتيجة لقوى فاعلة داخل الجسم، مثل الهورمونات، الفيروسات والالتهابات المزمنة.
كما يمكن أن يحدث انحراف جيني نتيجة قوى فاعلة خارج الجسم، مثل الإشعاعات فوق البنفسجية (Ultraviolet - UV) التي مصدرها أشعة الشمس، أو عوامل مُسَرْطِنة من مواد كيمياوية (مسبّبة السرطان - Carcinogen) موجودة في البيئة الحياتية.
- عامل مُساعِد لنمو الخلايا بسرعة: العوامل المساعدة تستغل الانحرافات والتغيّرات الجينية الناجمة عن العوامل المُبادِرَة.
العوامل المساعِدَة تجعل الخلايا تنقسم بسرعة أكبر. وهذا يمكن أن يؤدي إلى تراكم خلايا، كَوَرم سرطاني. العوامل المُساعِدة يمكن أن تنتقل بالوراثة، يمكن أن تتكون في داخل الجسم أو يمكن أن تصل من الخارج وتدخل إلى الجسم.
- An encouraging factor that makes cancer more aggressive and helps it spread: without encouraging factors (reinforcement factors), the tumor can remain benign and limited in location. Encouraging factors make cancer more aggressive and increase the likelihood of cancer entering and destroying nearby tissues, as well as increasing the likelihood of cancer spreading to other organs throughout the body.
As in the case of proactive factors and enablers, also encouraging factors can be inherited, or formed as a result of the effects of environmental factors.
The genetic building, the active forces within the body, the choice of lifestyle and the environment in which we live – all can form the basis for the formation of cancer or to complete its composition if it has begun. For example, if a person has inherited a genetic deviation that increases the likelihood of a particular cancer, he or she will be highly susceptible to this type of cancer, more than people exposed to the same factor that can cause cancer.
Genetic deviation leads to the onset of the cancer process, while the cancer causative agent may be a major compound in the progression and progression of cancer in the future.
Furthermore, smokers who work in an environment containing asbestos are more at risk of developing lung cancer than smokers who do not work in such an environment. This is because tobacco smoke along with asbestos is a factor in the development of this type of cancer.
Although doctors know the factors that make someone belong to a group with greater risk of cancer, the majority of cancers actually occur in people who do not have known factors.
Risk Factors
Factors known to increase the likelihood of cancer include:
- Age: The progression of cancer can take several decades. This is why most people are diagnosed with cancer after they are over 55 years old. Until the cancer tumor is detected, it is likely that between 100 million-billion cancerous cells have evolved and it is likely that the first tumor has begun to be formed five years ago, perhaps more.
- Habits: It is known that certain lifestyles may increase the risk of developing cancer.
- Smoking
- Drinking alcohol
- Frequent exposure to sunlight: or multiple sunburns accompanied by the emergence of a blister- bubble filled with fluid appearing in the upper layers of the skin – Blister)
- Having sex without protective means
- Family history: only about 10% of all cancer cases occur on a hereditary basis. If cancer is prevalent in the family, it is highly probable that these genetic anomalies are inherited from one generation to another.
The physician decides whether a particular person is suitable for testing tests that may reveal genetic genetic deviations that would increase the risk of cancer. It is up to the human being to realize that if you discover genetic deviations, it does not mean that you will necessarily have cancer.
- General health Status: Some chronic diseases, such as ulcerativecolitis (ulcerative colitis), can significantly increase the likelihood of developing certain types of cancer. Talk to your doctor about it.
- Living Environment: the environment in which we live may contain harmful chemicals that can increase the risk of developing cancer. Even if you are not a smoker, you may be prone to secondhand (indirect) smoking if you live in an environment where others smoke, or if you are living with a smoker.
Chemicals at home or in the workplace, such as asbestos or gasoline, can be factors that increase the risk of cancer.
Complications of cancer
Cancer and cancer treatment may lead to several complications, including:
- Side effects of cancer treatment
- Unusual responses from the immune system to cancer
- Cancer outbreaks
- Recurrence of cancer (return after his recovery statement-relapse).
Cancer diagnosis
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Diagnosing cancer in its early stages provides the best chance of recovering from it. If you have suspicious symptoms, you should consult with your doctor about any of the tests and the procedures that are best suited for early detection of cancer.
Research has shown that the procedure for early detection of cancer may actually save life in some cancers. For other cancers, early detection of cancer is performed only for those who are most likely to be diagnosed with cancer. Discuss with your doctor the existence of risk factors for you.
The American Society for Cancer Control recommends that early detection of cancer be performed for people with moderate risk factors for the following cancers:
- Breast cancer: for women aged 40 years and above
- Cervical Cancer: for women aged 21 years and over, or after three years of first intercourse
- Colon cancer (large intestine): for men and women aged 50 years and over
- Prostategland cancer: for men from age 50 onwards
Early detection of cancer and some other actions have a range of benefits and deficiencies. Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of each examination with your doctor to determine the most appropriate screening for cancer.
In order to diagnose cancer, your doctor may choose one or more of the following early detection tests:
- Physical examination
- Laboratory tests
- Imaging tests
- Biopsy (Biopsy).
Levels/stages of cancer
After cancer is diagnosed, the doctor attempts to determine the extent of cancer or the stage of cancer.
The doctor decides on treatment methods or the probability of recovery, according to the classification and grade of cancer in the specified patient.
- Quitting smoking
- Avoid excessive exposure to sunlight
- Maintaining a balanced and healthy diet
- Physical activity on most days of the week
- Maintain normal and healthy weight
- Ensure that early detection tests are conducted regularly
- Consult your doctor about available vaccines.
Alternative Therapies
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It has not been conclusively proven that alternative therapies lead to cancer recovery. However, the possibilities of alternative medicine may help to counteract the effects and reduce the symptoms of cancer and the side effects of its treatments, such as fatigue, nausea and pain.
Discuss your doctor about alternative therapies that can help. The doctor will also discuss with you how safe these treatments are for you, although they are a factor inhibiting traditional cancer treatment. These treatments include:
- Acupuncture (Acupuncture)
- Hypnosis (Hypnosis)
- Massage
- Meditation (Meditation)
- Various relaxation techniques.
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